Lever harps, pedal harps, and celtic harps
The harp is one of the oldest known instruments, featuring strings stretched between a neck and a soundboard that are plucked with the fingers. Concert (pedal) harps typically have 47 strings spanning nearly seven octaves, while smaller lever harps are more portable and accessible. The harp produces a shimmering, ethereal sound that is unmistakable in any musical setting.
Harps appear in archaeological records dating back over 5,000 years, from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. The concert pedal harp was developed by Sebastien Erard in 1810, using a double-action pedal mechanism that allows the harp to play in any key. Celtic lever harps (clarsach) have experienced a revival since the 20th century, becoming popular in folk, new age, and therapeutic music.
Concert harps use seven foot pedals to change the pitch of each note by a semitone or whole tone, enabling chromatic playing. The strings progress diatonically, with color coding (red for C, blue or black for F) to help the player navigate. Harp technique involves plucking strings with the thumbs and first three fingers of both hands, with the pinky fingers never used.
Marcel Grandjany and Carlos Salzedo defined modern harp technique and pedagogy in the 20th century. Harpo Marx brought the harp into popular culture through his comedic yet genuinely skilled performances. Joanna Newsom is a contemporary harpist and singer-songwriter who has brought the instrument into indie and alternative music.
A concert harp weighs about 80 pounds and stands approximately 6 feet tall, making it one of the largest orchestral instruments. The total string tension on a concert harp is approximately 2,000 pounds, comparable to the tension on a grand piano despite having far fewer strings.
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